XII
Contents
Signal Transduction of NO
346
Glycine
347
Disorders of Glycine Catabolism
348
Creatine and Related Compounds
348
Use of Creatine as a Dietary Supplement
349
Serine
349
Proline
349
Histidine
351
Branched-Chain Amino Acids
352
Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids
353
Methionine
353
Cysteine
354
Abnormalities Involving Sulfur-Containing
Amino Acids
354
Homocysteine
354
Phenylalanine and Tyrosine
356
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
358
Melanin
360
Abnormalities of Tyrosine Metabolism
360
Tryptophan
361
Supplemental Readings
and References
363
CHAPTER
18
Lipids I: Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids
18.1
Oxidation of Fatty Acids
366
Activation of Fatty Acids
366
Transport of Acyl-CoA to Mitochondrial
Matrix
367
/3-Oxidation
368
Energetics of ^-Oxidation
371
Regulation of Fatty Acid Oxidation
372
Peroxisomal Fatty Acid Oxidation
372
Other Pathways of Fatty Acid Oxidation
373
Propionyl-CoA Oxidation
373
a-Oxidation
373
a>-Oxidation
374
Oxidation of Mono- and Polyunsaturated Fatty
Acids
374
18.2
Metabolism of Ketone Bodies
374
Physiological and Pathological Aspects of
Metabolism of Ketone Bodies
376
18.3
Metabolism of Ethanol
377
18.4
Synthesis of Long-Chain Saturated
Fatty Acids
379
Functional Organization of Fatty Acid
Synthase
383
Sources of NADPH for Fatty Acid Synthesis
384
Source and Transport of Acetyl-CoA
384
Regulation of Fatty Acid Synthase
384
Fatty Acid Elongation
385
18.5
Metabolism of Unsaturated
Fatty Acids
386
Structure and Nomenclature of Unsaturated
Fatty Acids
386
Functions of Unsaturated Fatty Acids
386
18.6
Nonessential Fatty Acids
386
18.7
frans-Fatty Acids
388
18.8
Essential Fatty Acids
388
Deficiency of Essential Fatty Acids
389
18.9
Metabolism of Eicosanoids
389
Biological Properties of Prostanoids
395
Leukotrienes
396
Supplemental Readings
and References
398
CHAPTER
19
Lipids II: Phospholipids,
Glycosphingolipids, and Cholesterol
19.1
Phospholipids
401
Phosphatidylcholines
401
Other Glycerophospholipids
402
Phosphosphingolipids
406
